
A hurricane in Cuba – Hurricanes happen near the equator
What is a hurricane?
A hurricane (also called a typhoon or a cyclone) is basically a huge spinning wind.
Okay, then why is there wind?
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How do hurricanes get started?
Hurricanes form in the summer and especially in the fall, because they can only form where there is cold air high over warm ocean water.
Hurricanes form near the equator, because that’s the only place where ocean water gets warm enough. But they don’t form right at the equator, because the earth’s rotation is what gets the wind spinning around, and it doesn’t cause spinning right at the equator.
What is the equator?
Why are there seasons?
When rising warm air starts to spin around
When the ocean is warm, the water heats the air right over the ocean, and some of the ocean’s water evaporates into the air. This warm, wet air rises, because hot air rises. It makes thick, heavy clouds.
What are clouds?
Why does hot air rise?
A project with hot air
The warm air rising pushes cold air higher up out sideways. If another wind is blowing on the rising warm air from the side, it can begin to spin around and around, picking up more and more air and water – that’s when it starts to be a hurricane.
What’s the eye of the hurricane?

Eye of the hurricane, from NASA
The eye is what we call the center of the hurricane, where often there is a hole in the clouds, and much less wind. That’s just because the spinning tends to pull the clouds and water away from the center, by centrifugal force.
What is centrifugal force?

Port Jefferson after Hurricane Sandy
What happens when a hurricane moves on to land?
As long as the hurricane stays out in the ocean, usually it’s not much of a problem. On land, the hurricane can’t suck up any more water, so it soon gets weaker and stops.
But when hurricanes first blow over the land, they bring high winds and often floods that destroy houses and schools along the coastlines.
Are hurricanes bigger now than they used to be?
Global warming from using cars and heating houses with gas and oil makes the ocean water a little warmer every year, so there are more and more hurricanes, and more serious ones. That’s going to keep getting worse.