Medieval African science: The walls of Timbuktu, in Mali, West Africa Medieval African science In the 700s AD, the Islamic Empire conquered North Africa and began to trade a lot with East Africa. Islamic government did [...]
Early boats: A person in a boat (Barramiya, Upper Egypt, ca. 4000 BC) Early boats: When did people invent boats? African sailing has a long history. People were probably using [...]
The Phoenicians: Phoenician glass - a face pendant of an African man. 400-200 BC Phoenicians in the Late Bronze Age Sometime in the Late Bronze Age, around 1300 BC, a group [...]
Core-formed Phoenician glass bottle (400s BC) The Phoenicians, from as early as 1500 BC, were mainly known for producing glass bottles and jars, especially for perfume. The Phoenicians sold these jars to Egypt and to the Assyrians. [...]
Phoenician ship A knot is a way to measure how fast a ship is travelling on the ocean or how fast a boat is going on a river. A knot [...]
Roman sailing ship with square sails (100s AD, Bardo Museum, Tunisia) Until the First Punic War, in 264 BC, the Romans had not been sailors, and had never had a navy. But [...]
Roman mold-blown glass (100s AD) West Asian/African science under Roman rule What we call Roman science is a mixture of two different things. The first is the discoveries and inventions [...]
Early modern economy: Members of the painters' guild in Haarlem (1670s) Guild system develops In the Renaissance, as cities grew all over Europe and more people began to buy things in stores instead [...]
Caravels, about 1500 AD (Livro das Fortalezas de Duarte Damas) Frame-first ship construction The Early Middle Ages - about 500 AD - brought a major change in Mediterranean ship-building. Instead of putting the planks together [...]
Astrolabe in Hebrew, probably from Spain (1300s AD) In the early Middle Ages, most people in Europe were too poor to have much time for astronomy. But some people were still interested in [...]
