What are conifers? Pine trees, gymnosperms
Pine trees - A Spruce tree is a type of gymnosperm and conifer Too dry for ferns and moss Near the end of the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years [...]
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Collecting pine cones – Gymnosperms project
Squirrel eats pine seeds from a cone Go take a walk outside in the fall and collect pine cones on the ground. How many different kinds of pine cones can [...]
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Looking at flowers – Angiosperms project – Biology
Daffodil with petals and pistil in the middle. Take a long walk around your neighborhood and the park in the late spring and look at all the flowers you see. [...]
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What is a spore? – Plant reproduction – Biology
Fern spores on the underside of a frond When plants like moss first began to grow outside the water, about 540 million years ago, they needed a way to reproduce [...]
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Seeds – Plant reproduction – Biology
Evolution of seeds: Dandelion seeds What is a seed? A seed is the egg cell of a plant, with a hard wrapper around it so it can survive on its [...]
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Plant reproduction – Biology – Science
Cell division The very earliest photosynthesizing plants on Earth, about 3 billion years ago, had only one cell, and they reproduced the way most one-celled creatures do, by mitosis: splitting [...]
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Haploid and diploid cells – Plant reproduction
Human sperm cells with flagella (under a microscope) - They're haploid cells. When a cell divides by meiosis, it ends up with only half the amount of DNA it had before. [...]
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How flowers reproduce – Plant Biology
Black-eyed Susan (the black in the middle is the seeds) - How flowers reproduce When did flowers evolve? The earliest flowers probably developed about 130 million years ago, in the [...]
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Looking for spores – Plant Reproduction
Sphagnum moss with spores standing up Wander around your back yard or a park until you find a fern. Look at the underside of one of the leaves. There are [...]
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Eggs – Evolution and Biology
Fish eggs: Egg evolution starts with soft eggs like these When did the first eggs evolve? The earliest living creatures made babies by dividing themselves in half, so that one [...]
