Castle of Edessa After the First Crusade After the First Crusade in 1096 AD set up Christian kingdoms all along the coast of Israel and Lebanon, of course the Fatimid caliphs who had ruled that area before [...]
Otto I (on a seal) attacked medieval Poland The Slavs live in Poland During the Early Middle Ages, a lot of small princes and dukes ruled the place where Poland is now. None [...]
Early medieval Italy: Lombard shield boss (to make spears slide off it) (Metropolitan Museum, New York) Northern Italy and France In 774 AD, Charlemagne conquered northern Italy from the Lombards. Soon after that [...]
Medieval Hungary: Stephen, the first Christian King of Hungary ca. 1000 AD The Magyars invade Hungary When the invading Magyars conquered land in Eastern Europe from the Slavs about 900 AD, and started the [...]
Empress Agnes of the Holy Roman Empire holding Henry IV Agnes and the Pope After the death of Henry III in 1056 AD, his widow Agnes ran the Holy Roman Empire. With the [...]
Republic of Genoa: Medieval drawing of the city of Genoa, Italy (1493) Genoa in the Early Middle Ages Around 900 AD, the Holy Roman Empire began to lose control of Italy, and Genoa was [...]
Matilda of Canossa (Vatican Museum) Northern Italy around 1000 AD By 1000 AD, the invading Lombards had married local rich men and women of Italy. They mixed their families together. A few rich families, [...]
Early Middle Ages: Interior of Hagia Sophia When is the Early Middle Ages? The Early Middle Ages comes after the fall of Rome, about 400 AD. But all the way through the [...]
The Lombards: a Lombard Christian altar (700s AD) (University of Alabama) Where did the Lombards come from? In 568 AD, a Turkic people, the Avars, pushed the Indo-European Lombards out of their home in Central [...]
Holy Roman Empire: Otto the Great (on a seal) What happened after Charlemagne? After the death of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperors got weaker and weaker. By 924 AD, a hundred years later, nobody [...]
