Leopold's son Francis II Leopold attacks France Joseph II of Austria died at 48 in 1790 AD, just before the French Revolution. His younger brother Leopold II took power. The new French government [...]
Charles VI (Maria Theresa's father) After the War: Charles VI By the time the War of the Spanish Succession was over in 1714 AD, Leopold had died, and left Austria to his son, Joseph, who [...]
Leopold More Austro-Hungarian Empire In the 1650s, most people in Europe thought of Austria as a place where instead of freedom they had rules that everyone had to be the same, and [...]
Ferdinand (1556) Charles V made his brother Ferdinand the ruler of Austria-Hungary in 1556 AD. But when Ferdinand died in 1564, he divided Austria-Hungary among his three sons. Each of those [...]
Anne of Austria Anne of Austria rules France Cardinal Richelieu died in 1642 AD and Louis XIII died the next year, in 1643. Louis' wife, Anne of Austria, ruled after him as regent for [...]
Protestants throw Catholic officials out the window (Prague, 1618 AD) In the late 1500s AD, the Holy Roman Emperors were too weak to hold their empire together as one country. Instead, the [...]
Beginning of the Bill of Rights How much power did British rulers have? Ever since King John agreed to the Magna Carta in England in 1215 AD, people in England had agreed that the king [...]
European food history: An early chocolate house Trade brings new foods During the 1500s and 1600s AD, European traders brought back all kinds of new foods from places they sailed to around the world. [...]
The Portuguese force Islamic traders to give them access to the Indian port of Goa (1500s AD, Theodore De Bry) In 1500 AD, Europe was still a marginal player in the world economy, [...]
Early modern economy: Members of the painters' guild in Haarlem (1670s) Guild system develops In the Renaissance, as cities grew all over Europe and more people began to buy things in stores instead [...]
